Overview of Suicide Essay - 1141 Words

Suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem, is what many say. How ever there is no single explanation for taking ones own life as the conflicts are what branches out to many possibilities. This topic is a taboo among todays society, its seen as something shamed to talk about however from ignoring this topic it lets the opportunity of knowledge for young people to understand that there is a way to get help and that theyre not alone. almost 3000 people commit suicide everyday between the years of 1952 and 1995 the suicide rates almost tripled and 90% of those have some sort of mental disorder or substance abuse problem and 15% of those who took their own life were clinically depressed and at one point did reach out for†¦show more content†¦one who cuts off from society to be alone. this type is common more towards the teenagers going through changes in their life, they will lock themselves away for days trying to forget the world and avoid dealing with their probl ems. as the individual may feel that its a good escape it does not benefit them and may lead them into a deeper depression. the second Type Altrustic Suicide: which resulted the individual from the taking of their own life due to higher commandments in other words, commiting suicide for the feeling that it will benefit others. For the third type Anomic suicide Is due to an individual dealing with a certain breakdown of a social circumstance for an example bankruptcy. where they feel like they are forced to kill themselves in order not to deal with the circumstance. Finally, for the last type Fatalistic suicide due to the overregulation in society. One of Durkheim main arguments was that suicide was not an individual act His theory supported this by explaining that suicide was a social fact tied to social structures which is basically Durkeims way of saying that for one to take ones own life youd have to analyze the structure of the environment the individual came from and the wa y they would socially interact with society prior to this outcome in order to determine what has driven them into this state. The sociological factorsShow MoreRelatedHow Does Teen Suicide Affect Society?1622 Words   |  7 Pagesnegative effects of teen suicide. 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There are many different ways of thinking about human...

There are many different ways of thinking about human behavior. Psychologists use a lot of different ways to study how people think, feel, and behave. Some of them look at a certain point of view while others look at several points of view. There is no single perspective that is better than the other because each perspective points out different aspects of human behavior. The essentials of the cognitive learning theory have a long history, and the cognitive transformation occurred around the middle of the 20th century. This area of psychology focused on mental processes such as memory, thinking, problem solving, language and decision-making. If one wanted to simply define the cognitive perspective it would be a branch of psychology†¦show more content†¦The retrieval process allows a person to bring stored memories into conscious awareness. Although there are several ideas of suggested models for memory, the stage model of memory is often used to explain the basic structure and function of memory. The separate stages of this memory model are sensory, short-term, and long-term. Language is related to how we use knowledge and is a tool people use for cultural transmission, communication, and reflection on their own thinking. The social cognitive theory implies that the imitation of language is modeled and people are reinforced by demonstrating sounds and words. While another theory, sociocultural, proposes that language is developed through structural practice that exists within zones of proximal development. No matter what theory is put forward, language starts from an early foundation of utterances, to fine-tuning a language that includes over generalizing and under generalizing, and finally a language use that involves multifaceted sentence structures. Influenced by psychologists such as Jean Piaget and Jerome Bruner, the cognitive perspective has grown tremendously in recent decades. To Piaget, cognitive development was a progressive reorganization of mental processes as a result of biological maturation and environmental experience. He brought along the idea that people learn to create an understandingShow MoreRelatedCross Cultural Psychology1160 Words   |  5 PagesPsychology Culture, we all have grown up knowing one, or at times more than one, kind of culture. Everyone has different beliefs and ways of doing things and this usually has to do with our culture and the way we have been raised and brought up. This type of psychology looks into these many different cultures and studies how they affect us as humans and our development, mental processes, and behavior. 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Analysis Of Paul Cezannes The Large Bathers - 843 Words

The Large Bathers, 1898-1905 is the largest of Paul Cezannes pictures and has been cited as an example of his ideal of composition and his restoration of classic monumentality after its lapse during the nineteenth century. Cà ©zanne’s great achievement forced the young Picasso, Matisse, and many other artists to contend with the implications of Cà ©zanne’s art. This essay will discuss how both Matisse’s Bonheur de Vivre (Joy of Life) and Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon are considered as inspired by and breaking free of The Large Bathers. Paul Cezanne’s painting â€Å"The Large Bathers† was his last and arguably his greatest work. Cezanne labored on this painting for seven years. The subject is a group of women bathing by a river. The canvas†¦show more content†¦Matisse was influenced by Cà ©zannes method of analyzing and pulling apart his subject matter. Like Paul Cà ©zanne, Matisse believed that everything could be broken down into simple shapes and painted that way (Matisse, Bonheur de Vivre, n.d.). In Bonheur de Vivre the broken down figures accurately represent the human form and living scenery. The figures in The Large Bathers emit a feeling of calm while the scene depicted in Bonheur de Vivre is a place full of life and love and freedom. Unlike the paintings by Cà ©zanne, Matisses work does not depict forms that recede in the background and diminish in scale. In Bonheur de Vivre, the scale of the figures in the foreground and the middle ground is badly skewed (Matisse, Bonheur de Vivre , n.d). Matisse brought exploration of vision through space by incorporating shifting perspectives. As a result, the viewer relates differently to the painting and is required to enter the scene. Matisses painting is perhaps the first canvas to actually further the elder master’s ideas. As well as Matisse’s Bonheur de Vivre, Pablo Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon was inspired by and deviated from Cezanne’s great achievement. Cezanne’s landscape is a broad open field with the abstract females surround a pond as they bath with abstract surroundings, very much different from Picasso’sShow MoreRelatedPainting Style And Technique For The Modern World1414 Words   |  6 Pageswe think about Paul Cà ©zanne, we think about a French artist who had incredible painting skills and was an Impressionist painter. Moreover, it is undeniable that his talent was a contribution to the modern world. Cà ©zanne was a great artist, his Post-impressionist artwork is definitely a strong link between late 19th century Cubism and Impressionism. In addition, his artwork is known to have influenced so many artists, such as Matisse, Picasso and so on. Those artists have noted Paul Cà ©zanne as a wonderfulRead MoreLes Demoiselles DAvignon5704 Words   |  23 PagesLes Demoiselles dAvignon   Les Demoiselles dAvignon  (The Young Ladies of Avignon, and originally titled  The Brothel of Avignon) is a large  oil painting  of 1907 by the Spanish artist  Pablo Ruiz Picasso  (1881–1973). The work portrays five nude female prostitutes from a brothel on Avinyà ³ Street in  Barcelona. Each figure is depicted in a disconcerting confrontational manner and none are conventionally  feminine. The women appear as slightly menacing and rendered with angular and disjointed body shapes

Nursing Care Plan Chronic Illnesses

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Care Plan for Chronic Illnesses. Answer: Introduction Chronic illness has been a major issue of concern in the society. It has been a major cause of death in different parts of the world. However, it should be acknowledged that chronic illnesses can be handled if adequate healthcare services are provided using appropriate intervention strategies. This paper presents and in-depth and critical analysis of Luigis care plan. Luigi is a 77-year old male patient who has been diagnosed with Type II Diabetes and Chronic Renal Failure. This is complex multimorbidity that requires a lot of attention to address. The paper looks at the recommended interventions, guiding principles and the roles of Registered Nurse in the patients treatment. Guiding Principles Chronic illnesses require attentive care of the healthcare providers. Whenever given an opportunity to serve a chronically-ill patient, a healthcare provider should dedicate time to offering high quality services. In fact, more attention should be given to patients with multimorbidity. This is what Luigi, who suffers from a combination of Type II Diabetes and chronic renal failure. For Luigi to properly manage his condition, he requires to be adequately assisted by a primary healthcare provider (Kirkman et al., 2012). This is the surest way through which the patient can learn to appreciate his condition, and acquire recommended coping and management skills. However, when discharging his duties, a primary healthcare provider needs to operate under the guidance of well-outlined principles. The first principle to apply is collaborative management. Here, the nurse should acknowledge that the multimorbidity condition of the patient requires a collaborative approach. Meaning, the nurse should not operate in isolation, but be ready to work with other professionals. The fact that Luigi suffers from a renal kidney failure and Type II Diabetes implies that he should be handled by different experts. It should therefore be incumbent upon the nurse to consult physicians, social workers, counselors, pharmacists, and other specialists (Vogeli, Shields, Lee, Gibson, Marder, Weiss Blumenthal, 2011). When necessary, the nurse should refer the case to these experts since they are knowledgeable on different areas. Before making any important decision, the nurse should seek the opinion of these experts because they have diverse knowledge that if put together, can help in providing high quality services to the patient. The other principle to apply when handling the patient is self-management. Despite getting an opportunity to serve Luigi, the nurse should not assume to be the sole decision maker. Instead, the nurse should be ready to cooperate with the patient and seek his opinion whenever necessary. This simply means that the nurse should deliver a patient-centered care that advocates for the involvement of the patient in the making of major decisions regarding his health. The principle of self-care can be achieved if the nurse takes the initiative to empower the patient (Schneider, ODonnell Dean, 2009). A patient like Luigi who suffers from a multimorbidity condition does not only need to be treated, but be given opportunity to acquire management and coping skills. It can empower the patient to be an active participant in the management of his condition. It can be much better if the patient extends the empowerment activities to the patients families and carers who are involved in his treatment. Last, but not least, the nurse should apply the principle of individualized care. As a professional, the nurse should always be versed with the information that the diverse nature of the society calls for flexibility in healthcare delivery. The uniqueness of each patient means that each situation is to be handled differently. Although it might be necessary to deliver group-based care, Luigis case can yield more results if individualized (Kirkman et al., 2012). If properly done, the nurse can get enough time to understand the uniqueness in his conditions, analyze his history and identify the most appropriate intervention to provide. It is no doubt that the individualization of cases is a better alternative for the patients with multimorbidity conditions. Roles of the Registered Nurse in the Acute Medical Ward in the Management of the Patient and His Family Chronic illness does not necessarily means that a patient cannot live. Since it is not a death sentence, all cases of chronic illness should be properly handled by a trained healthcare provider. The critical conditions of Luigi necessitate that he should continue to be admitted in the healthcare facility. Here, there are RNs and other specialists who can offer the necessary care. This is a clear proof that a RN is an exceptional professional who plays a very significant role in the treatment of chronic illnesses. For the entire period that Luigi will be in the acute ward, he will continue relying on the RN for the delivery of interventions. In other words, the RN will be charged with the responsibility of providing evidence-based care to the patient. Apart from assessing the patient, the RN is responsible for setting up a treatment plan for the patient. It is the RN, who coordinates the treatment process of the patient, organizes for medications, depression screening, and evaluates the patients compliance with the recommended medications (Hsu, Coleman, Ross, Johnson, Fishman, Larson Reid, 2012). All these are necessary activities that should be done to a chronically-ill patient. It is not possible for Luigi to manage his conditions without necessarily being guided by the RN. For this reason, the RN should always be available to closely monitor the patient and help him to deal with multimorbidity no matter how challenging it might be. The monitoring process should continue even when the patie nt is discharged from the hospital because the RN needs to follow-up the patient to ascertain his progress. The RN is also responsible for empowering the patient, his family and carers. The complex nature of the patients conditions implies that he cannot perfectly manage it without a proper guidance of the RN. The delivery of patient-centered care requires that the patient should be adequately empowered at all times. The RN should not tire from educating the patient and his family on important issues such as management, compliance and coping. These are sensitive issues that require adequate training by a specialist (Ludman Von Korff, 2012). Type II Diabetes is a chronic condition ha causes physiological, emotional and psychological changes in the life of the patient. Hence, while serving Luigi at the acute ward, the RN should create enough time to educate him. Similar services should be offered to the patients family who are also concerned about his health. Multidisciplinary Collaboration To effectively deliver high quality care to Luigi, the nurse should adopt a multidisciplinary approach. Here, the RN should not assume to be a know-it-all. Instead, the RN should always be ready to work with other professionals, who are, in one way or the other, involved in the delivery of services to chronically-ill patients like Luigi. These include the physicians, psychiatrists, social workers, and pharmacists. Whereas the RN is responsible for delivering primary care to the patient, the pharmacist should be consulted to help in providing a proper guidance on the use of medication and all the other matters related with prescription and compliance (Katon, et al., 2010). On the other hand, the physicians should be consulted when the RN feels that expertise advice and guidelines are required to help in handling the patients multimobidity conditions. The most basic form of collaboration in the healthcare facility should be established amongst the RNs themselves. Acute care is not a simple task to be handled by only one nurse. Whenever discharging his duties, a RN should work alongside other nurses to help in monitoring the patient and delivering services needed at any given time. When nurses come together and work as a team, they can help one another in serving the patient. At the same time, collaboration can be fruitful in making well-thought, justifiable and rational decisions (Von Korff, Katon, Lin, Ciechanowski, Peterson, Ludman Rutter, 2011). When nurses collaborate, they can work as a team and this can benefit them in many ways. Apart from helping them to create a conducive environment, team work enables the nurses to engage in joint decision-making, a brilliant idea that can enable them to deliver exceptional services to the patient. The establishment of a cordial working relationship with such specialists can play an integral role in handling the patient. No RN can single-handedly manage Type II Diabetes and Chronic Renal Failure without relying on well-trained experienced specialists for consultation or referral in case of complexity. Although the RN should constantly monitor the patient, there are certain procedures that the nurse cannot handle (Morgan, Coates, Dunbar, Reddy, Schlicht Fuller, 2013). Should that be the case, the nurse should not hesitate to seek for the intervention of the specialist. For example, when the patient develops serious complications on his renal conditions, a specialist renal failure expert should be immediately called for to attend to him. The same should be done in case of emergency and serious issues arise on the patients diabetic condition. Similar closeness should be established with the psychiatrists, counselors and social workers because Type II Diabetes often result into psychological distresses that can overwhelm the patient if no psychological intervention is provided. It is therefore obvious that the input of these professionals should be incorporated when educating the patient and his family members. These are skilled counselors who can study the patients mental conditions and give appropriate guidelines on how to manage the situation and lead a stress-free no matter how difficult it might be (Mastal, 2010). When properly educated, the patient can acquire accurate information on the causes, symptoms, intervention strategies, and medication. Despite the fact that RN should be educative, better results can be obtained if the nurse adopts collaborative approach. It is therefore undisputable that interdisciplinary collaboration is a viable tool in the treatment of acute illness. Nursing is a broad area that involves a lot of specialists who have diverse training backgrounds. The complex situations encountered by the RNs leave them with no option rather than embracing a collaborative approach with others (Institute of Medicine, 2011). Consultation and referrals are better tools that can help in improving the quality of healthcare especially when dealing with chronic cases like Luigis. RNs have interdisciplinary collaboration opportunities that should be explored whenever handling any patient. After all, the RNs should never advance their own interests, but always seek to deliver benevolent services for the benefit of the patient. This is exactly what Luigi wants. Nursing Interventions Luigi has been diagnosed with a multimorbidity condition. Suffering from a Type II Diabetes and Chronic Renal Failure leaves no doubt that the patient as a chronic and complex condition. He therefore requires uninterrupted support from the RN, physicians, pharmacist, and family members. Each of these has a significant role to play in his life. The nurse will be of great contribution because of the primary healthcare services delivered to him (Bodenheimer Berry-Millett, 2009). Nonetheless, to serve him well, the nurse requires adopt a wide range of interventions. A proper choice of intervention of an intervention can be appropriate because it an enable the nurse to help the patient to manage and cope up with his complex condition. Individualized Stepped Care Intervention One of the most important interventions to adopt is the individualized stepped care. Under this intervention, a nurse is supposed to give attention to the patient. Each patient should be regarded as a unique individual who has a peculiar set of background, needs, weaknesses, strengths, and hopes. Under individualized stepped care, a nurse is supposed to be keen on personally observing the patient before making important decisions regarding the kind of treatment to provide. So, when attending to Luigi, the nurse should apply this intervention because it can benefit the patient a great deal (Bodenheimer Berry-Millett, 2009). The treatment should not be based on diagnosis alone. The nurse should be guided by the observations made on the patients compliance to medications, and response to treatment. If appropriately applied, the individualized stepped intervention can help in delivering quality services to the patient. It is an efficient and cost-effective intervention that can aid in making informed decisions regarding the health of the patient (Laughlin Beisel, 2010). Multimorbidity is a sensitive and complex condition that requires a lot of keenness. All the procedures performed on Luigi should be supported by observations. Luigis condition is quite demanding, but can still be managed if this kind of intervention is applied. This can help in handling the patients Type II Diabetes and Chronic Renal Failure deteriorating conditions. Psychological Intervention Psychological intervention is a strategy in which the healthcare provider seeks to address the psychological needs of the patient. In most cases, chronic illnesses result into psychological changes in the patients. These, if not handled well, can negatively impact on the patient. Therefore, anytime a RN is given an opportunity to care for a chronically-ill patient, the nurse requires creating enough time to offer psychological support. As a patient, Luigi requires psychological assistance from the nurse (Lin, Korff, Ciechanowski, Peterson, Ludman, Rutter Katon, 2012). His diabetic condition causes lots of psychological and emotional distresses to him. The nurse should therefore dedicate his energy to educate the patient on how to manage the psychological changes experienced so far. Additional training should be given on how to adjust to the diagnoses and treatments given by the healthcare provider. If all the psychological needs are addressed, Luigi can get to learn and appreciate why he should cope up well and manage his conditions without unnecessarily succumbing to the distresses it causes. Behavior change is a key factor in the management of chronic conditions. However, no patient can readily accept to change behavior as required. Many patients with multimorbidity do not comply with the medications given (Tomcavage, Littlewood, Salek Sciandra, 2012). The complex conditions of such patients often make them to develop unexpected psychological behaviors that might delay their chances of recovering. In this regard, a committed nurse must offer standardized psychological support to the patient. The contributions of psychological intervention should not be disputed because it is an evidence-based intervention. It has been acknowledged for immensely contributing to the satisfaction of the patients psychological and emotional needs. Collaborative Team Intervention The RN who has been mandated to serve Luigi has a large number of roles to perform. By getting a chance to offer primary care to the patient, the nurse is in charge of assessing the patients condition, diagnosis, disease management, education, follow-up, and managing the inpatient-outpatient transition. These are numerous activities that might not be efficiently performed by the nurse alone. In other words, the nurse should readily accept to work in collaboration with other specialists (Smith, Soubhi, Fortin, Hudon ODowd, 2012). In a hospital setting, there are many professionals who are knowledgeable on different areas. Therefore, when handling a patient with multimorbidity conditions, the nurse should not perform all the activities alone. When the nurse wants to help Luigi to manage his diabetic condition, the nurse should discharge all his duties as expected. At the same time, the nurse needs to cooperate with other nurses and specialist diabetic physicians. These are experts who can help the nurse to deliver quality and satisfactory services to the patient. The same thing should be done when handling Luigis renal complications. Regardless of the efforts put by the nurse, advice should be sought from renal failure specialists (Gabbe, Landon, Warren-Boulton Fradkin, 2012). Better still; the nurse should seek for the intervention of the psychiatrist whose contributions can play a major role in addressing the patients psychological needs. From this discussion, it is evident that a collaborative approach can be a viable intervention. It is based on past evidence that commends it because it emphasizes the need of bringing together different experts to collectively deal with the complex multimorbidity. Conclusion Chronic illness makes life difficult for many patients. The situation worsens when one is diagnosed with multimorbidity-a condition which troubles Luigi, who has been diagnosed with Type II Diabetes and Chronic Renal Failure. Luigi can regain his health if a well-organized treatment plan is adopted for him. If the RN perfectly discharges his roles and applies the individual stepped care, psychological and collaborative interventions, Luigi can be empowered to manage his conditions and lead a healthier life. These are evidence-based interventions whose proper use can be fruitful in addressing Luigis complex multimorbidity. Type II Diabetes and Chronic Renal Failure can still be managed even if they are serious conditions that have been causing many deaths. What the patient requires is a right prescription, treatment, and thorough education on a proper management of the condition. References Bodenheimer, T., Berry-Millett, R. (2009). Care management of patients with complex health care needs, the Synthesis Project. Princeton, NJ: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Gabbe SG, Landon MB, Warren-Boulton E, Fradkin J. (2012). Promoting health after gestational diabetes: a National Diabetes Education Program call to action. Obstet Gynecol.119(1):1716. Hsu, C., Coleman, K., Ross, T.R., Johnson, E., Fishman, P.A., Larson, E.B., Reid, R.J. (2012). Spreading a patient-centered medical home redesign: A case study. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, 35(2), 99-108. Institute of Medicine. (2011). 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